Stingy:

Do the {anything} call, but subtract a 1/4 turn from the first Arm Turn of the call.

Generous:

Do the {anything} call, but add a 1/4 turn to the first Arm Turn of the call.

For the purposes of Stingy and Generous, an Arm Turn is limited to the following movements as defined in the {anything} call:

• Arm Turn.
• Hinge from a Mini-Wave.
• Trade from a Mini-Wave.
• Cast Off from a Mini-Wave.
• Star turn, when opposite dancers are in a Mini-Wave.

• The {anything} call does not have to start with an Arm Turn; E.g., on a Generous Square Chain Thru (from Facing Lines): do a Right Pull By and 1/4 In; Left Arm Turn 3/4 (instead of 1/2); Centers Right Arm Turn 1/2; Left Arm Turn 1/2; Step Thru. Ends in a Trade By formation.
• Stingy and Generous apply to the first Arm Turn in the call, which is not necessarily the first arm turn that a dancer executes. Some dancers may never execute an Arm Turn; others may execute an Arm Turn after other dancers previously executed a different Arm Turn. After the first Arm Turn is completed, any subsequent Arm Turns are not affected by Stingy or Generous.
• Stingy and Generous do not apply to a Hinge, Trade, or Cast Off from a Couple. For example,

  The C3A call Hinge The Lock is a Hinge followed by a Lockit. A Generous Hinge The Lock can be done from (at least) two formations: a Wave or Tandem Couples.

  1. From a Wave, a Hinge is an Arm Turn 1/4. Hence from a Wave, a Generous Hinge The Lock is an Arm Turn 1/2 followed by a Lockit.
  2. From Tandem Couples, a Hinge is a Partner Hinge (from a Couple), and Generous does not apply. However, the Centers part of Lockit is an Arm Turn 1/4. Hence, from Tandem Couples, a Generous Lock The Hinge is a Partner Hinge followed by a Centers Arm Turn 1/2 as the Ends move up 1/4, to end in a Facing Diamond.
• If the first Arm Turn of the call might be ambiguous, the caller should use extra words to disambiguate the call: i.e., Points work Stingy: all Strip the Diamond. The caller may use concepts such as Secondly, Thirdly, etc. to explicitly state to which part of the call Stingy or Generous applies.
• Stingy and Generous allows calls to be done from unexpected formations. For example, from Twin Diamonds: a Generous Sets In Motion.

Generous Dixie Style To A Wave:       vor   nach Centers Right Pull By   nach Left Touch 1/2 (fertig)

Stingy Spin The Top:       vor   nach Arm Turn 1/4   nach Fan The Top (fertig)

Finally Stingy Spin The Top:       vor   nach Arm Turn 1/2   nach Stingy Fan The Top (fertig)

What's not allowed

• Generous Counter Rotate (from a Tidal Wave): Although the center two are turning 1/4 with each other, the call is not defined in terms of an Arm Turn or Hinge.
• Generous Swap The Wave (from a L-H Wave): Although one might argue that the Centers part of the call is a Turn Thru (and hence an Arm Turn), the use of Stingy and Generous should be avoided, because the call is a variation of Swap Around (a no-hands call). We believe that Swap The Wave from either a R-H or a L-H Wave has the tagging dancers doing the same action. The Turn Thru used by dancers is just a convenience.
• Generous Pass The Ocean (from Facing Couples:) Even though the Belles' part strongly feels like a Left Arm Turn 1/4, and is frequently danced that way, the definition of Pass The Ocean does not contain an Arm Turn.
• As for combining Generous and Stingy (e.g., Generous Stingy 1/4 Thru)... There are two cases to consider. For example, a Generous Stingy 1/4 Thru:

  Case 1.  Generous and Stingy cancel each other out. A 1/4 is subtracted from the first Hinge (to make it Stingy), then added back (to make it Generous). A Stingy Arm Turn 1/4 is still an Arm Turn, even though the fraction is 0/4.

  Case 2.  A Stingy 1/4 Thru is a Left Arm Turn 3/4 (you leave off the first Arm Turn, then apply Generous to the Left Arm Turn 1/2 giving a Left Arm Turn 3/4).

  Case 2 was tried several years ago, and was not well received by the dancers. Hence, the current consensus is Case 1: Stingy and Generous both apply to the first part, and they cancel each other out. Moral of the story: don't combine Stingy and Generous.

Yo-Yo Concept [C4]: Replace the first Arm Turn 1/2 of the given call with an Arm Turn 3/4.

Fractal CONCEPT [C4] (Vic Ceder 1998): Replace each Arm Turn 1/4 with an Arm Turn 3/4 and vice-versa.