From a Couple, Mini-Wave, or other applicable formation.

1/4 In:

Turn 90° in place toward the adjacent dancer.

Ends in Facing Dancers.

1/4 Out:

Turn 90° in place away from the adjacent dancer.

Ends in Back-to-Back Dancers.

1/4 In:
before 1/4 In   after	before 1/4 In   after	before 1/4 In   after

1/4 Out:
before 1/4 Out   after	before 1/4 Out   after	before 1/4 Out   after

Notes:

• Don't move from your starting spot. Just turn 1/4 in place.
• The 90° turn is relative to the adjacent dancer. From a Couple or Mini-Wave, your Partner is defined to be the adjacent dancer. Hence,
  • 1/4 In means "turn 1/4 to face your Partner".
  • 1/4 Out means "turn 1/4 to end back-to-back with your Partner".

If you are directly facing toward or away from the center of the set, you can not do a 1/4 In or 1/4 Out.

From here, nobody can do a 1/4 In or 1/4 Out.

In general, 1/4 In (or Out) means to turn 1/4 toward (or away from) the center of the smallest sub-formation in which you have a center point. Each dancer individually determines this center point. To determine your center point, divide (bisect) the overall formation into equal-sized sub-formations until you obtain the smallest possible sub-formation from which you can identify a center point for all dancers within that formation.

If the 8-dancer formation can not be bisected in the aforementioned manner, work relative to the center of the set.

before 1/4 In   after

before 1/4 In   after

Although 1/4 In | Out is primarily defined from a Couple or Mini-Wave, 1/4 In | Out can be done from any formation for which active dancers can find a reference point.

1. Find the smallest sub-formation in which you have a reference point, then
2. Turn 1/4 in place toward (if 1/4 In) or away from (if 1/4 Out) from reference point.
3. From a T-Bone 2x4 formation, work in each 2x2.

before 1/4 In   after

From the above starting formation, 1/4 In | Out presents a dilemma. For 2-dancer calls such as Partner Trade, Partner Tag or Single Wheel, dancers normally work with the other dancer with whom they are coupled. Yet, rule #3 above for 1/4 In | Out tells us that the Centers work on each side instead of with the adjacent Center. This is because 1/4 In | Out is not really a 2-dancer call as one might suppose -- it is a 1-dancer call with a reference point!

Any individual dancer can 1/4 In | Out if they have a reference point. Find the reference point and then turn 1/4 toward or away from it. Since such a distinction is somewhat esoteric, we advise callers to avoid this situation (unless you like to workshop esoteric instances of calls) by explicitly stating what you want. For example, you could say (Working on) each side, 1/4 In | Out, or Centers 1/4 Out followed by Ends 1/4 In. Or, you can use terms such as Face In and Face Out, for which the reference point is the center of the set.

Face In | Out [MSV]: Individually turn 1/4 in place toward (Face In) or away from (Face Out) the center of the set.

CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING This is the starting formation for each of the following:         after 1/4 In   after 1/4 Out   after Face In   after Face Out

1/4 Right | Left [NOL]: Turn 90° in place toward the Right | Left. Also known as Face Right | Left.

3/4 In | Out [NOL]: From a Couple or Mini-Wave. Turn 270° in place towards (In) or away from (Out) the adjacent dancer. 3/4 In ends in Back-to-Back Dancers; 3/4 Out ends in Facing Dancers. In practice, these calls are rarely called, but are sometimes used as part of call definitions.