From Columns.

The First n dancers do the part of the call that is normally done by the First Two dancers as the Last m dancers do the part of the call that is normally done by the Last Two dancers.

For example,

• A normal Checkmate The Column is a 2 By 2 Checkmate, since the First Two dancers do one part and the Last Two dancers do the other part.
• A normal Transfer The Column is a 2 By 2 Transfer The Column.
• A Box Transfer is a 1 By 1 Transfer The Column.

3 By 1 Checkmate [C2] (Willard Orlich): From Columns. First Three dancers Column Circulate 4 positions & 1/4 In as the #4 dancers Circulate 3 positions, 1/4 In, & Circulate. Ends in Parallel 3 & 1 Lines.

3 By 1 Transfer The Column [C2]: From Columns. The First Three dancers Transfer (as a 3-dancer group Trail Off , then individually 1/4 In) as the #4 dancers Circulate 1 & 1/2 and Cast Off 3/4; Center 4 Extend The Tag as Others Step Ahead to end in Parallel 3 & 1 Lines.

before 3 By 1 Checkmate   after

before 3 By 1 Transfer The Column   after 3 By 1 Transfer And   after Very Centers Cast Off 3/4 and all 'Extend' (done)

1 By 3 Transfer The Column [NOL]: From Columns. The First dancer (in each Column) Transfer (1/2 Circulate, Counter Rotate 1/4 & Roll) as the Last Three dancers 1/2 Circulate and Cast Off 3/4; Center 4 Extend The Tag as Others Step Thru to end in Parallel 3 & 1 Lines

before 1 By 3 Transfer The Column   after 1 By 3 Transfer And   after Center 6 Cast Off 3/4 and all 'Extend' (done)

Examples from Parallel Columns of 3:   This is the starting formation for each of the following:         after 1 By 2 Checkmate   after 2 By 1 Checkmate   after 1 By 2 Transfer The Column   after 2 By 1 Transfer The Column

Note: On 1 By 2 (or 2 By 1) Transfer The Column, the single dancer (the dancer designated by '1' within the phrase '1 By 2' or '2 By 1') always ends up on the center plane of the resulting formation

Variation: Magic n By m Transfer And anything | The Column.

Other examples of the n By m CONCEPT (used at C4):

before 3 By 1 Trail Off   after

before 3 By 1 Ferris Wheel   after

At C2, the n By m CONCEPT is primarily limited to n By 1 Transfer | Checkmate where n is 2 or 3.