This appendix shows the differences between several distortions that can be placed upon the Wave Formation. There are no Phantoms involved in any of these distortions. EN: 10

An Offset Wave is a Wave that has been divided into two pieces with each piece shifted relative to each other along the dividing line. Usually, the division is done such that exactly half of the formation is on each side of the dividing line. EN: 30

Dancers adjacent to the dividing line should reach backward (as in above Example 1 or 3) or forward (as in above Example 2) to physically touch the dancer in the other half of the offset formation (without leaving their spot). This allows all dancers within the formation to better identify the formation. EN: 40

A Diagonal Wave is a Wave in which dancers are in a straight line relative to each other, but their facing directions are off by relative to the line (i.e., if each dancer individually turned right or left, the resulting formation would be a Line or Wave). EN: 90

As with an Offset Wave, dancers should reach forward or backward to physically touch adjacent dancers within their Diagonal Wave. EN: 100

A Staggered Wave is a Wave in which dancers occupy footprints that could be reached from a normal Wave after everybody Press Ahead. Stagger typically refers to a distorted setup in which all dancers are occupying footprints corresponding to the same-colored squares on a chess board. EN: 130

A Bent Wave is a Wave that has been divided into two pieces, and the pieces have been turned so that they are at a angle to each other. Usually, the division is done such that exactly half of the formation is on each side of the dividing line. EN: 140

A Disconnected Wave is a Wave that has been divided into two or more pieces such that there are gaps (blank space or other dancers) between the pieces. The gaps must all be in a single linear direction. The four dancers in the Disconnected Wave work with each other, around the other dancers or spaces. There are no Phantoms involved!!! EN: 150

Callers typically need to add extra words in order to identify which dancers are to work in which Disconnected Wave (e.g., Heads in your Disconnected Wave; same sex work Disconnected). EN: 155

A Magic Wave is a Wave existing in a formation in which the Ends of one Wave work with the Centers of the other Wave. Traffic patterns usually involve using Stars or movements such as Cross Trail Thru when moving from the outside to the inside (or vice-versa). By their nature, Magic Waves always come in pairs. EN: 160

Any other odd-shaped Wave is usually referred to as a Distorted Wave. It may be necessary for the caller to use extra words in order to identify it. EN: 170